{"id":366,"date":"2023-07-04T11:55:40","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T11:55:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mathority.org\/pt\/teorema-de-weierstrass\/"},"modified":"2023-07-04T11:55:40","modified_gmt":"2023-07-04T11:55:40","slug":"teorema-de-weierstrass","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mathority.org\/pt\/teorema-de-weierstrass\/","title":{"rendered":"Teorema de weierstrass"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Neste artigo voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 a defini\u00e7\u00e3o do teorema de Weierstrass. Al\u00e9m disso, voc\u00ea poder\u00e1 praticar diversos exerc\u00edcios resolvidos passo a passo do teorema de Weierstrass para entend\u00ea-lo perfeitamente. <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"enunciado-del-teorema-de-weierstrass\"><\/span> Declara\u00e7\u00e3o do teorema de Weierstrass<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>O teorema de Weierstrass diz que se uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 cont\u00ednua num intervalo fechado, essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o tem um m\u00e1ximo absoluto e um m\u00ednimo absoluto nesse intervalo.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color:#ff951b\">\u27a4<\/span> <strong>Veja:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/pt\/continuidade-de-funcao-continua-de-uma-funcao\/\">O que \u00e9 uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua?<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p> O teorema de Weierstrass afirma apenas que existe um m\u00e1ximo e um m\u00ednimo, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 \u00fatil calcular os valores desses pontos. <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/theoreme-de-weierstrass.webp\" alt=\"teorema de Weierstrass\" class=\"wp-image-443\" width=\"299\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p> Por exemplo, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o representada graficamente acima \u00e9 cont\u00ednua no intervalo [a,b] e tem um m\u00ednimo e um m\u00e1ximo neste intervalo. Embora n\u00e3o possamos saber as coordenadas exatas destes dois pontos, sabemos que a fun\u00e7\u00e3o tem estes dois pontos finais no intervalo.<\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color:#ff951b\">\u27a4<\/span> <strong>Veja:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/pt\/maximos-minimos-de-uma-funcao-extremos-relativos\/\">como calcular o m\u00e1ximo e o m\u00ednimo de uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p> Como a fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 cont\u00ednua ao longo de todo o intervalo, isso significa que ela tamb\u00e9m assumir\u00e1 todos os valores poss\u00edveis entre o m\u00ednimo absoluto e o m\u00e1ximo absoluto nesse mesmo intervalo.<\/p>\n<p> Al\u00e9m disso, como consequ\u00eancia do teorema de Weierstrass, pode-se deduzir que qualquer fun\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua em um intervalo fechado \u00e9 <strong>limitada acima e abaixo de<\/strong> , e os limites superior e inferior da fun\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o o m\u00e1ximo e o m\u00ednimo absolutos, respectivamente.<\/p>\n<p> Matematicamente, o teorema de Weierstrass pode ser expresso da seguinte forma:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-97ae5df888fbb136212599e2007dc71a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"f(x_1)\\leq f(x)\\leq f(x_2)\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"165\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Ouro<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-01a7b7b5dca66cb33a1207e1f39c1140_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"x_1\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"16\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> E<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f1cd6be340b4fce14489cf5b565a169e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"x_2\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"11\" width=\"17\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<p> s\u00e3o dois pontos inclu\u00eddos (o m\u00ednimo absoluto e o m\u00e1ximo absoluto respectivamente) no intervalo fechado<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fcda5ef4ae327e1afef79dc73df91703_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"[a,b]\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"31\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<p> em que a fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 definida.<\/p>\n<p> A prova do teorema de Weierstrass \u00e9 bastante complicada e n\u00e3o contribui muito para o conceito, por isso n\u00e3o a explicaremos neste artigo. O importante \u00e9 que voc\u00ea entenda o que \u00e9 o teorema de Weierstrass e para que serve. <\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ejercicios-resueltos-del-teorema-de-weierstrass\"><\/span> Problemas resolvidos pelo teorema de Weierstrass<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Exerc\u00edcio 1<\/h3>\n<p> Determine se a seguinte fun\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 limitada ao intervalo proposto:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9e6a705ea1c5d586cf31d683ac7ccc85_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"f(x)=\\log_3(x-4) \\qquad x \\in [5,10]\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"253\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color:#ff951b\">\u27a4<\/span> <strong>Veja:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/pt\/funcoes-logaritmicas\/\">dom\u00ednio de uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica<\/a><\/span> <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E6F9EF\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E6F9EF\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>veja solu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Podemos determinar se a fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 limitada no intervalo [5,10] aplicando o teorema de Weierstrass. Devemos portanto saber se a fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 cont\u00ednua neste intervalo, para isso calculamos o dom\u00ednio da fun\u00e7\u00e3o logar\u00edtmica: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7feff243fad35e366fd8ea9eb6ddee55_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"x-4>0&#8243; title=&#8221;Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com&#8221; height=&#8221;14&#8243; width=&#8221;73&#8243; style=&#8221;vertical-align: -2px;&#8221;><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c3167347242d69cbbd391ad7d885a24a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"x>4&#8243; title=&#8221;Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com&#8221; height=&#8221;14&#8243; width=&#8221;43&#8243; style=&#8221;vertical-align: -2px;&#8221;><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9afe936131ad871b7b25ef309642cd9b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\text{Dom } f = (4,+\\infty)\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"139\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> A fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 cont\u00ednua para todos os valores maiores que x=4, portanto \u00e9 cont\u00ednua no intervalo [5,10].<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Portanto, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o satisfaz o teorema de Weierstrass no intervalo [5,10], o que significa que ela \u00e9 limitada acima e abaixo deste intervalo.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Exerc\u00edcio 2<\/h3>\n<p> Determine se a seguinte fun\u00e7\u00e3o tem m\u00e1ximo e\/ou m\u00ednimo no intervalo proposto:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1f2e72f629bae2c39821ddbfbf6c93fc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"f(x)=\\cfrac{3x^2-4}{2x-4} \\qquad x \\in [-3,3]\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"41\" width=\"232\" style=\"vertical-align: -12px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color:#ff951b\">\u27a4<\/span> <strong>Veja:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/pt\/funcao-racional\/\">dom\u00ednio de uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o racional<\/a><\/span> <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E6F9EF\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E6F9EF\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>veja solu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Primeiro, analisamos a continuidade da fun\u00e7\u00e3o racional: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-af6694fc6992622f98a8707910f98046_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"2x-4=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-01425f223477731947170639a6ebec65_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"2x=4\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"52\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f632591e29a71e70a3064ec6eb2737b6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"x=\\cfrac{4}{2}=2\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"38\" width=\"76\" style=\"vertical-align: -12px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5473e84c5335fb3ee82e071fb63d0bb3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\text{Dom } f = \\mathbb{R}- \\{ 2\\}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"138\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Por\u00e9m, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o apresenta uma descontinuidade em x=2, o que implica que ela n\u00e3o \u00e9 cont\u00ednua no intervalo [-3,3].<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Resumindo, a fun\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o satisfaz o teorema de Weierstrass e por isso n\u00e3o podemos dizer se tem m\u00ednimo ou m\u00e1ximo neste intervalo.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Exerc\u00edcio 3<\/h3>\n<p> Determine se a seguinte fun\u00e7\u00e3o tem m\u00e1ximo e\/ou m\u00ednimo no intervalo proposto e calcule estes pontos:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4dd0cf4151f8b5c1b4e69be89b7a71e1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"f(x)=x^2+3 \\qquad x \\in [0,4]\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"207\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> <span style=\"color:#ff951b\">\u27a4<\/span> <strong>Veja:<\/strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/pt\/funcao-de-parabola-quadratica\/\">caracter\u00edsticas das fun\u00e7\u00f5es quadr\u00e1ticas<\/a><\/span> <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E6F9EF\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E6F9EF\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>veja solu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> O dom\u00ednio de qualquer fun\u00e7\u00e3o quadr\u00e1tica s\u00e3o todos os n\u00fameros reais:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f6a5bb1d7547a2d733c138cfc33c6f3e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\text{Dom } f=\\mathbb{R}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"90\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> A fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9, portanto, cont\u00ednua no intervalo [0,4] e satisfaz o teorema de Weierstrass. A fun\u00e7\u00e3o, portanto, tem um m\u00ednimo absoluto e um m\u00e1ximo absoluto neste intervalo.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Al\u00e9m disso, o v\u00e9rtice desta par\u00e1bola est\u00e1 exatamente em x=0, ent\u00e3o a fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 estritamente crescente no intervalo [0,4] e, conseq\u00fcentemente, o m\u00ednimo est\u00e1 em x=0 e o m\u00e1ximo em x= 4 . <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0f82206d391bff9b33c3061fd75877e0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\text{M\\'inimo en } x=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ f(0)=0^2+3=3\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"319\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-971674d88d0166bc1a4ecf1807fa2656_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\text{M\\'aximo en } x=4 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ f(4)=4^2+3=19\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"331\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"karl-weierstrass\"><\/span> Karl Weierstrass<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> Depois de vermos o que significa o teorema de Weierstrass, explicaremos brevemente quem foi o invent\u00e1rio deste teorema.<\/p>\n<p> <strong>Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass<\/strong> foi um matem\u00e1tico alem\u00e3o muito importante do s\u00e9culo XIX, mais precisamente, nasceu em 31 de outubro de 1815 em Ostenfelde e morreu em 19 de fevereiro de 1897 em Berlim.<\/p>\n<p> Al\u00e9m do teorema de Weierstrass, ele tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 conhecido por suas outras contribui\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e0 matem\u00e1tica. Entre eles, deu as defini\u00e7\u00f5es de continuidade, limite e derivada, tr\u00eas conceitos de fun\u00e7\u00f5es muito importantes.<\/p>\n<p> Da mesma forma, conseguiu demonstrar certos teoremas que ainda n\u00e3o eram verificados matematicamente naquela \u00e9poca, como o teorema de Bolzano-Weierstrass, o teorema do valor m\u00e9dio ou o teorema de Heine-Borel.<\/p>\n<p> Como curiosidade, existe uma cratera lunar e um asteroide com o nome de Weierstrass em sua homenagem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neste artigo voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 a defini\u00e7\u00e3o do teorema de Weierstrass. Al\u00e9m disso, voc\u00ea poder\u00e1 praticar diversos exerc\u00edcios resolvidos passo a passo do teorema de Weierstrass para entend\u00ea-lo perfeitamente. Declara\u00e7\u00e3o do teorema de Weierstrass O teorema de Weierstrass diz que se uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 cont\u00ednua num intervalo fechado, essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o tem um m\u00e1ximo absoluto e um &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/pt\/teorema-de-weierstrass\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Teorema de weierstrass<\/span> Leia mais &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-representacao-de-funcao"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Teorema de Weierstrass - Mathoridade<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/pt\/teorema-de-weierstrass\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Teorema de Weierstrass - Mathoridade\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Neste artigo voc\u00ea encontrar\u00e1 a defini\u00e7\u00e3o do teorema de Weierstrass. Al\u00e9m disso, voc\u00ea poder\u00e1 praticar diversos exerc\u00edcios resolvidos passo a passo do teorema de Weierstrass para entend\u00ea-lo perfeitamente. 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