{"id":318,"date":"2023-07-06T09:59:20","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T09:59:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mathority.org\/ja\/%e3%83%a6%e3%83%8b%e3%82%bf%e3%83%aa%e8%a1%8c%e5%88%97\/"},"modified":"2023-07-06T09:59:20","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T09:59:20","slug":"%e3%83%a6%e3%83%8b%e3%82%bf%e3%83%aa%e8%a1%8c%e5%88%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mathority.org\/ja\/%e3%83%a6%e3%83%8b%e3%82%bf%e3%83%aa%e8%a1%8c%e5%88%97\/","title":{"rendered":"\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u30fc\u884c\u5217\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3088\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u6f14\u7fd2\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u884c\u5217\u306e\u7279\u6027\u304c\u7dda\u5f62\u4ee3\u6570\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b?<\/h2>\n<p>\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002 <\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color:#dff6ff;padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 0.5px; padding-right: 40px; padding-left: 30px\" class=\"has-background\">\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"><strong>\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306f\u3001<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/ja\/\u8907\u7d20\u884c\u5217\u5171\u5f79\u3068\u8ee2\u7f6e\u5171\u5f79\/\">\u5171\u5f79\u8ee2\u7f6e\u884c\u5217<\/a>\u3092\u4e57\u3058\u305f\u8907\u7d20\u884c\u5217\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u3068\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u304c\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b382ce59eebf001ec9f1a07cebfd7d0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"U\\cdot U^* = U^* \\cdot U =I\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"152\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\">\u91d1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2b60fc262803f27ba3717d8ec4eb656d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"U\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p>\u306f\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-db11158221d0c663d1a4da78e077a3f0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"U^*\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"19\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u5171\u5f79\u8ee2\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6761\u4ef6\u306f\u3001<strong>\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u9006\u884c\u5217\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5171\u5f79\u8ee2\u7f6e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/strong>\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u306a\u305c\u306a\u3089\u3001\u9006\u884c\u5217\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7a4d\u304c\u884c\u5217 d&#8217;identify \u3068\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3001\u884c\u5217\u306f\u5225\u306e\u884c\u5217\u306e\u9006\u884c\u5217\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d8f035ef94e00b67acffd2881944642f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\left.\\begin{array}{c} U \\cdot U^*  =I \\\\[2ex] U \\cdot U^{-1} = I\\end{array} \\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ U^*=U^{-1}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"236\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u9006\u884c\u5217\u3092\u6301\u3064\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5e38\u306b<strong>\u6b63\u898f\u884c\u5217\u307e\u305f\u306f\u975e\u7e2e\u9000\u884c\u5217<\/strong>\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u5b9f\u6570\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u7269\u306f<strong>\u76f4\u4ea4\u884c\u5217<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306b\u8ee2\u7f6e\u3092\u4e57\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u304c\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306b\u7b49\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0cc2f9e0f4e1c41a0e3ab402c6465d59_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"U\\cdot U^t = U^t \\cdot U =I\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"149\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3053\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001U \u306e\u9006\u884c\u5217\u306f\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u305d\u306e\u8ee2\u7f6e (\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8ee2\u7f6e) \u884c\u5217\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2\u00d72\u6b21\u5143\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u3088\u304f\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b 2\u00d72 \u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/exemple-de-matrice-unitaire-de-dimension-22152-1.webp\" alt=\"2x2 \u6b21\u5143\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u4f8b\" class=\"wp-image-2204\" width=\"222\" height=\"69\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u884c\u5217\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u3068\u305d\u306e\u5171\u5f79\u884c\u5217\u3092\u4e57\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6052\u7b49\u884c\u5217 (\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5358\u4f4d) \u884c\u5217\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-11df575022f8a50881fedc994f4f12af_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle U\\cdot U^*=\\cfrac{1}{3} \\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; -2+i \\\\[1.1ex] 2+i &amp; 2 \\end{pmatrix}\\cdot \\cfrac{1}{3} \\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; 2-i \\\\[1.1ex] -2-i &amp; 2 \\end{pmatrix} = \\begin{pmatrix} 1 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 &amp; 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"456\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u306b\u898b\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306f\u5171\u5f79\u8ee2\u7f6e\u3067\u53ef\u63db\u3067\u3059\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4848f3eab836be0996049e221bb8a8c3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle U^*\\cdot U=\\cfrac{1}{3} \\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; 2-i \\\\[1.1ex] -2-i &amp; 2 \\end{pmatrix}\\cdot \\cfrac{1}{3} \\begin{pmatrix} 2 &amp; -2+i \\\\[1.1ex] 2+i &amp; 2 \\end{pmatrix} = \\begin{pmatrix} 1 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 &amp; 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"456\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"adsb30\" style=\" margin:px; text-align:\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5358\u4f4d\u5bfe\u89d2\u884c\u5217\u306e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/ja\/\u5bfe\u89d2\u884c\u5217\/\">\u884c\u5217\u306e<\/a>\u6b21\u5143\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8907\u7d20\u6570<em>i<\/em>\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u69cb\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5bfe\u89d2\u884c\u5217\u3082\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u5143 3 \u00d7 3 \u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3053\u308c\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3001\u89e3\u6c7a\u6e08\u307f\u306e\u6f14\u7fd2\u3067\u3059\u3002 <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/exemple-de-matrice-unitaire-de-3-dimensions-32153-1.webp\" alt=\"3x3 \u6b21\u5143\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u4f8b\" class=\"wp-image-2211\" width=\"153\" height=\"105\" srcset=\"\" sizes=\"auto, \"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5171\u5f79\u8ee2\u7f6e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884c\u5217\u306e\u7a4d\u3092\u89e3\u304f\u3068\u3001\u89e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6052\u7b49\u884c\u5217\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u6ce8\u610f\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-61bc73f95b9c2515595fe3ed2e18df3f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle U\\cdot U^* =\\begin{pmatrix} i &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 &amp; i &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp; 0 &amp; i \\end{pmatrix}\\cdot \\begin{pmatrix} -i &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 &amp; -i &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp; 0 &amp; -i \\end{pmatrix}=\\begin{pmatrix} 1 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp; 0 &amp; 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"406\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u884c\u5217\u3092\u9006\u306b\u4e57\u7b97\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u3082\u540c\u3058\u3053\u3068\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5cdf7b15d442ec89fde613ba2fd3fe45_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle U^*\\cdot U =\\begin{pmatrix} -i &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 &amp; -i &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp; 0 &amp; -i \\end{pmatrix}\\cdot \\begin{pmatrix} i &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 &amp; i &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp; 0 &amp; i \\end{pmatrix}=\\begin{pmatrix} 1 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp; 0 &amp; 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"406\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u884c\u5217\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u306f\u3001\u884c\u5217\u304c\u4e3b\u5bfe\u89d2\u7dda\u4e0a\u306e\u865a\u6570<em>i<\/em>\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6bce\u56de\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u30bc\u30ed (0) \u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u306e\u6b21\u5143\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306e\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002 ) \u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306e\u6027\u8cea<\/h2>\n<p>\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306f<a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/ja\/\u6b63\u898f\u884c\u5217\/\">\u6b63\u898f\u884c\u5217<\/a>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u884c\u5217\u304c\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u3067\u3042\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u306f\u5e38\u306b<a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/ja\/\u6b63\u65b9\u884c\u5217\/\">\u6b63\u65b9\u884c\u5217<\/a>\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306f\u5bfe\u89d2\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5bfe\u89d2\u884c\u5217\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u884c\u5217\u5f0f\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u5024\u306f\u5e38\u306b 1 \u306b\u7b49\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3fd4555e54680e0af331c0cc03865df1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\begin{vmatrix} det(U) \\end{vmatrix} = 1\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"93\" style=\"vertical-align: -7px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/ja\">\u540c\u4e00\u884c\u5217\u306f<\/a>\u30e6\u30cb\u30bf\u30ea\u884c\u5217\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b170995d512c659d8668b4e42e1fef6b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"11\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p>\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b31629cb1899edcc0029f841492d4f36_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"n\\times n\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"9\" width=\"43\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p>\u884c\u5217\u7a4d\u6f14\u7b97\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30c3\u30c8 \u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u540c\u3058\u6b21\u6570\u306e 2 \u3064\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u3092\u4e57\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5225\u306e\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5358\u4f4d\u884c\u5217\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u56fa\u6709\u5024 (\u307e\u305f\u306f\u56fa\u6709\u5024) \u306e\u4fc2\u6570\u306f\u5e38\u306b 1 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