{"id":71,"date":"2023-09-17T05:59:03","date_gmt":"2023-09-17T05:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mathority.org\/it\/come-diagonalizzare-una-matrice-diagonalizzabile-diagonalizzazione-di-matrici-2x2-3x3-4x4-esercizi-risolti-passo-dopo-passo\/"},"modified":"2023-09-17T05:59:03","modified_gmt":"2023-09-17T05:59:03","slug":"come-diagonalizzare-una-matrice-diagonalizzabile-diagonalizzazione-di-matrici-2x2-3x3-4x4-esercizi-risolti-passo-dopo-passo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mathority.org\/it\/come-diagonalizzare-una-matrice-diagonalizzabile-diagonalizzazione-di-matrici-2x2-3x3-4x4-esercizi-risolti-passo-dopo-passo\/","title":{"rendered":"Come diagonalizzare una matrice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In questa pagina troverai tutto sulle matrici diagonalizzabili: cosa sono, quando possono essere diagonalizzate e quando no, il metodo per diagonalizzare le matrici, le applicazioni e le propriet\u00e0 di queste particolari matrici, ecc. E hai anche diversi esercizi risolti passo dopo passo cos\u00ec puoi esercitarti e capire perfettamente come vengono diagonalizzati. Infine, impareremo anche come eseguire diagonalizzazioni di matrici con il programma per computer MATLAB, poich\u00e9 \u00e8 utilizzato molto frequentemente.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Cos&#8217;\u00e8 una matrice diagonalizzabile?<\/h2>\n<p> Come vedremo in seguito, diagonalizzare una matrice \u00e8 molto utile nel campo dell\u2019algebra lineare. Questo \u00e8 il motivo per cui molti si chiedono&#8230; cos&#8217;\u00e8 la diagonalizzazione della matrice? Ebbene, la definizione di matrice diagonalizzabile \u00e8: <\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color:#dff6ff;padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 0.5px; padding-right: 40px; padding-left: 30px\" class=\"has-background\">\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"> Una <strong>matrice diagonalizzabile<\/strong> \u00e8 una matrice quadrata che pu\u00f2 essere trasformata in una matrice diagonale, cio\u00e8 una matrice piena di zeri tranne che sulla diagonale principale. La diagonalizzazione delle matrici \u00e8 scomposta come segue:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4ab9c489a73de0bde368d8a7f7bd7151_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A = PDP^{-1}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"> O equivalente,<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-54fc1390aaa9437bf9813fc64b600919_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D = P^{-1}AP\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"98\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"> Oro<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 la matrice da diagonalizzare,<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 la matrice le cui colonne sono gli autovettori (o autovettori) di<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> ,<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-073aeddfae03d7bea03931e1cb3505f4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P^{-1}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"31\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> la sua matrice inversa e<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 la matrice diagonale formata dagli autovalori (o autovalori) di<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> .<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p> La matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> agisce come una base che cambia matrice, quindi in realt\u00e0 con questa formula cambiamo la base in matrice<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , in modo che la matrice diventi una matrice diagonale (<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> ) nella nuova sede.<\/p>\n<p> Pertanto, la matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> e la matrice<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> Sono matrici simili. E ovviamente,<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00c8 una matrice regolare o non degenere.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Quando puoi diagonalizzare una matrice?<\/h2>\n<p> Non tutte le matrici possono essere diagonalizzate; solo le matrici che soddisfano determinate caratteristiche possono essere diagonalizzate. Si pu\u00f2 capire se una matrice \u00e8 diagonalizzabile in diversi modi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Una matrice quadrata di ordine <em>n<\/em> \u00e8 diagonalizzabile se ha <em>n<\/em> <span style=\"color:#1976d2;\"><strong>autovettori (o autovettori) linearmente indipendenti<\/strong><\/span> , o in altre parole, se questi vettori formano una base. Questo perch\u00e9 la matrice\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , che serve per diagonalizzare una matrice, \u00e8 formato dagli autovettori di detta matrice. Per sapere se gli autovettori sono LI \u00e8 sufficiente il determinante della matrice<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 diverso da 0, il che significa che la matrice ha il rango massimo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-389610a3ba8bf2db8af148a3f5c13e5a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\text{si} \\quad \\text{det}(P)\\neq 0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\text{matriz diagonalizable}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"331\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Una propriet\u00e0 degli autovalori e degli autovettori \u00e8 che gli autovettori di autovalori diversi sono linearmente indipendenti. Pertanto, se <span style=\"color:#1976d2;\"><strong>tutti gli autovalori della matrice sono unici,<\/strong><\/span> la matrice \u00e8 diagonalizzabile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li> Un altro modo per determinare se una matrice pu\u00f2 essere sistemata in una matrice diagonale \u00e8 utilizzare le molteplicit\u00e0 algebriche e geometriche. La molteplicit\u00e0 algebrica \u00e8 il numero di volte in cui un autovalore (o autovalore) viene ripetuto e la molteplicit\u00e0 geometrica \u00e8 la dimensione del nucleo (o nucleo) della matrice sottraendo l&#8217;autovalore sulla sua diagonale principale. Quindi, se per ogni autovalore la <span style=\"color:#1976d2;\"><strong>molteplicit\u00e0 algebrica \u00e8 uguale alla molteplicit\u00e0 geometrica<\/strong><\/span> , la matrice \u00e8 diagonalizzabile. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cee403ec4a2cac29cda0bf950fcc143b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\alpha_\\lambda = \\text{multiplicidad algebraica} = \\text{multiplicidad del valor propio}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"483\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-968bde68480ba0b85f5179a1a794bfec_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"m_\\lambda = \\text{multiplicidad geom\\'etrica} = \\text{dim } Ker(A-\\lambda I) = n -rg(A-\\lambda I)\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"541\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8b7ecdb0203a83bf48683c551df7418a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\alpha_\\lambda \\geq m_\\lambda \\geq 1\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"100\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-511e6243e12d5227417f12bb1ef29330_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\text{si} \\quad \\alpha_\\lambda = m_\\lambda \\quad \\forall \\lambda \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\text{matriz diagonalizable}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"353\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Esiste infine un teorema, il teorema spettrale, che garantisce la diagonalizzazione delle matrici simmetriche con numeri reali. In altre parole, <span style=\"color:#1976d2;\"><strong>qualsiasi matrice reale e simmetrica \u00e8 diagonalizzabile<\/strong><\/span> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Come diagonalizzare una matrice<\/h2>\n<p> La procedura per diagonalizzare una matrice si basa sulla ricerca degli autovalori (o autovalori) e degli autovettori (o autovettori) di una matrice. Questo \u00e8 il motivo per cui \u00e8 importante padroneggiare <a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/it\/calcolare-autovalori-autovalori-e-autovettori-autovettori-di-una-matrice\/\">come calcolare gli autovalori (o autovalori) e gli autovettori (o autovettori) di qualsiasi matrice<\/a> . Puoi ricordare come \u00e8 stato fatto cliccando sul link, dove spieghiamo passo dopo passo come trovarli e alcuni trucchi che rendono i calcoli molto pi\u00f9 semplici. Inoltre, troverai anche esercizi risolti per esercitarti.<\/p>\n<p> Con il seguente metodo puoi diagonalizzare una matrice di qualsiasi dimensione: 2&#215;2, 3&#215;3, 4&#215;4, ecc. I passi da seguire per diagonalizzare una matrice sono:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"color:#1976d2; font-weight: bold;>\n<li><span style=\" color:#262626;font-weight:=\"\" normal;\"=\"\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:23px\"><span style=\"color:#262626;font-weight: normal;\">Ottenere gli autovalori (o autovalori) della matrice.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:23px\"> <span style=\"color:#262626;font-weight: normal;\">Calcolare l&#8217;autovettore associato a ciascun autovalore.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:23px\"> <span style=\"color:#262626;font-weight: normal;\">Costruisci la matrice\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p><\/span> , le cui colonne sono gli autovettori della matrice da diagonalizzare.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:23px\"> <span style=\"color:#262626;font-weight: normal;\">Verifica che la matrice sia diagonalizzabile (deve soddisfare una delle condizioni spiegate nella sezione precedente).<\/span><\/li>\n<li> <span style=\"color:#262626;font-weight: normal;\">Costruisci la matrice diagonale\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p><\/span> , i cui elementi sono tutti 0 tranne quelli sulla diagonale principale, che sono gli autovalori trovati nel passaggio 1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fffde7\"> <strong>Avvertenza:<\/strong> Gli autovettori della matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> possono essere posizionati in qualsiasi ordine, tranne gli autovalori della matrice diagonale<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> Devono essere posizionati nello stesso ordine. Ad esempio, il primo autovalore della matrice diagonale<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> deve essere quello che corrisponde all&#8217;autovettore della prima colonna della matrice<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> .<\/p>\n<p> Di seguito sono riportati diversi esercizi passo passo di diagonalizzazione della matrice con cui puoi esercitarti.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Risolti gli esercizi di diagonalizzazione della matrice<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Esercizio 1<\/h3>\n<p> Diagonalizza la seguente matrice quadrata di dimensione 2\u00d72: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-13b9f5c8b5a381c9661aa4ee2e0b7b63_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"95\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>Vedi la soluzione<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Dobbiamo innanzitutto determinare gli autovalori della matrice A. Calcoliamo quindi l&#8217;equazione caratteristica risolvendo il seguente determinante:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f652aa2ef8cd55100970fef7fbf30e60_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}2- \\lambda &amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;3-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix} = \\lambda^2-5\\lambda +4\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"339\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Calcoliamo ora le radici del polinomio caratteristico:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c53bbe295e0f77d1cdaa183e9341567d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda^2-5\\lambda +4=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda = 4 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 1 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"231\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Una volta ottenuti gli autovalori si calcola l\u2019autovettore associato a ciascuno. Innanzitutto, l&#8217;autovettore corrispondente all&#8217;autovalore 1: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-10506efea4c355e8449378bc3a1948a9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"99\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-83d7b7d31a262f6e0844a0a9f5098e11_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"156\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9ea3248973afa32a42f87b20e0c5ddc9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} x+2y = 0 \\\\[2ex] x+2y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ x=-2y\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-73435e1b8c9d689ec17255f087e978f0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}-2 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"79\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> E poi calcoliamo l&#8217;autovettore associato all&#8217;autovalore 4: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0545c0847763140ccc62a58cf4207c6c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-4I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d9c6b33d8fad6974d366ce088800b92a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}-2&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"183\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d68533e14c844cf5bd4ee1965533ee6f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -2x+2y = 0 \\\\[2ex] x-y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ y=x\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0f3cac5769795f1730fcbf118fdfbbc3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"66\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Costruiamo la matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , formato dagli autovettori della matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-46dde85eb30324e4dfec09cbb802853e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  P = \\begin{pmatrix}-2&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"109\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Poich\u00e9 tutti gli autovalori sono diversi, la matrice A \u00e8 diagonalizzabile. Quindi la matrice diagonale corrispondente \u00e8 quella che ha gli autovalori sulla diagonale principale:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1e0329677969153d43ce741754dc6924_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle D= \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;4\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"97\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Ricordare che gli autovalori devono essere posizionati nello stesso ordine in cui gli autovettori sono posizionati nella matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> .<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> In conclusione, la matrice del cambiamento di base e la matrice diagonalizzata sono: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7ea54fe9e11d849c2896cc312df404ba_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle P = \\begin{pmatrix}-2&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1 \\end{pmatrix} \\qquad D= \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;4\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"248\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Esercizio 2<\/h3>\n<div class=\"adsb30\" style=\" margin:px; text-align:\"><\/div>\n<p> Diagonalizza la seguente matrice quadrata di ordine 2: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f61af0f4b152be75cc74b7733b2de076_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}3&amp;4\\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;-2\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"122\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>Vedi la soluzione<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Dobbiamo innanzitutto determinare gli autovalori della matrice A. Calcoliamo quindi l&#8217;equazione caratteristica risolvendo il seguente determinante:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-31024cc955652299f8933e082f934f15_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}3- \\lambda &amp;4\\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;-2-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix} = \\lambda^2-\\lambda -2\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"343\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Calcoliamo ora le radici del polinomio caratteristico:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-341b01a85529d26a506ebc9336221dca_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda^2-\\lambda -2=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda = -1 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 2 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"235\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Una volta ottenuti gli autovalori si calcola l\u2019autovettore associato a ciascuno. Innanzitutto, l&#8217;autovettore corrispondente all&#8217;autovalore -1: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-76cc8bb12c3b49d4964b2b3f661677ae_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A+I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"99\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c2728e62bfb96bb9106b0f7791ba9c5b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}4&amp;4\\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;-1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"183\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0515ba12f6ad51cc35cc785697498b78_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 4x+4y = 0 \\\\[2ex] -x-y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ x=-y\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0059538893e6c8439792228733f803de_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}-1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"79\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> E poi calcoliamo l&#8217;autovettore associato all&#8217;autovalore 2: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6c6944f71d79a33d4789affbc82db4c1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-2I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-aff94f6ac5c08a408abcb42f4262ac0a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;4\\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;-4\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"183\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2930b2bf0ef86ea8be216bafe5c3aa32_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} x+4y = 0 \\\\[2ex] -x-4y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ x=-4y\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"230\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ede8a2a2803fc807b34db04326f5e1cf_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}-4 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"79\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Costruiamo la matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , formato dagli autovettori della matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-990ff35382717a4644e33e8630777237_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  P = \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;-4 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"123\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Poich\u00e9 tutti gli autovalori sono diversi tra loro, la matrice A \u00e8 diagonalizzabile. Quindi la matrice diagonale corrispondente \u00e8 quella che contiene gli autovalori sulla diagonale principale:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cb2a5e7884d62f8ed609465e289fa70e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle D= \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"110\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Ricordare che gli autovalori devono essere posizionati nello stesso ordine in cui gli autovettori sono posizionati nella matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> .<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> In conclusione, la matrice del cambiamento di base e la matrice diagonalizzata sono: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-60358333f16516ac0d64d12891ef6ea5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle P = \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;-4 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1\\end{pmatrix} \\qquad D= \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"276\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Esercizio 3<\/h3>\n<p> Diagonalizza la seguente matrice quadrata di dimensione 3\u00d73: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8fc8797c8c0354ff540e340b82cb9258_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;0&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;2&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;4\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"136\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>Vedi la soluzione<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Il primo passo consiste nel trovare gli autovalori della matrice A. Calcoliamo quindi l&#8217;equazione caratteristica risolvendo il determinante della seguente matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-280aeb93bd229f34fe255f368390ae6a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}2-\\lambda&amp;0&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;2-\\lambda&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;4-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix} = -\\lambda^3+8\\lambda^2-19\\lambda+12\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"86\" width=\"476\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Dobbiamo ora calcolare le radici del polinomio caratteristico. Trattandosi di un polinomio di terzo grado applichiamo la regola di Ruffini:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9fc16d8c9420ece9152119b48f249df9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{r|rrrr} &amp; -1&amp;8&amp;-19&amp; 12 \\\\[2ex] 1 &amp; &amp; -1&amp;7&amp;-12 \\\\ \\hline &amp;-1\\vphantom{\\Bigl)}&amp;7&amp;-12&amp;0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"93\" width=\"199\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> E poi troviamo le radici del polinomio ottenuto: <\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e07297a9da80525b94e7af1914f403be_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle -\\lambda^2+7\\lambda -12=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda = 3 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 4 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"252\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Quindi gli autovalori della matrice sono:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-798eb40221e94ae6f384d824bcc76998_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\lambda=1 \\qquad \\lambda =3 \\qquad \\lambda = 4\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"200\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Una volta trovati gli autovalori si calcola l\u2019autovettore associato a ciascuno di essi. Innanzitutto, l&#8217;autovettore corrispondente all&#8217;autovalore 1: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-10506efea4c355e8449378bc3a1948a9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"99\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c50b6b424d6465f208981f3f89213bb2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;1&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"202\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8c810793db36ac827b71d01324760cee_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} x+2z = 0 \\\\[2ex] -x+y+z = 0\\\\[2ex] y+3z = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l}x=-2z \\\\[2ex] y = -3z \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"260\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-88fc97c4f3a0e5a6d79978e154230e22_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}-2 \\\\[1.1ex] -3 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Quindi calcoliamo l&#8217;autovettore associato all&#8217;autovalore 3: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-50e802072a0f6e2942bc873d6a466909_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-3I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-05bcbb328be85066bb142c990bbfad99_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;0&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;-1&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-656b90b758fe5ab6178efdfcbef399ef_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -x+2z = 0 \\\\[2ex] -x-y+z = 0\\\\[2ex] y+z = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l}x=2z \\\\[2ex] y = -z \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"250\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-33033f69510447ef3684a67e835bd578_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}2 \\\\[1.1ex] -1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> E infine, calcoliamo l&#8217;autovettore associato all&#8217;autovalore 4: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0545c0847763140ccc62a58cf4207c6c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-4I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1f455bc39f72a9b8141ba714bd72a0e5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}-2&amp;0&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;-2&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;0\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-dd0ebc259ff2665ef3c4c3a3b1692e2e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -2x+2z = 0 \\\\[2ex] -x-2y+z = 0\\\\[2ex] y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l}x=z \\\\[2ex] y = 0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"246\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-308b2f0f597fcc084d8d06d6c45fd3e5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Costruiamo la matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , formato dagli autovettori della matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f1f57ccbb391403b5e4af625900516cc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  P = \\begin{pmatrix}-2&amp;2&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] -3&amp;-1&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1&amp;1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"150\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Poich\u00e9 tutti gli autovalori sono diversi tra loro, la matrice A \u00e8 diagonalizzabile. Quindi la matrice diagonale corrispondente \u00e8 quella che ha gli autovalori sulla diagonale principale:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e88d2a690d31a9ca772d185078f69d3f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle D= \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;3&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;4\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"124\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Ricordare che gli autovalori devono essere posizionati nello stesso ordine in cui gli autovettori sono posizionati nella matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> .<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> In breve, la matrice del cambiamento di base e la matrice diagonalizzata sono: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d6fdff19d2d1e3f58ba1898dc456711d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle P = \\begin{pmatrix}-2&amp;2&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] -3&amp;-1&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1&amp;1\\end{pmatrix} \\qquad D= \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;3&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;4\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"318\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Esercizio 4<\/h3>\n<p> Diagonalizza, se possibile, la seguente matrice quadrata di ordine 3: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-628e7e12a0d8ccde5bb1fb2626663910_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;3&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 3&amp;-1&amp;1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"150\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>Vedi la soluzione<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Il primo passo consiste nel trovare gli autovalori della matrice A. Calcoliamo quindi l&#8217;equazione caratteristica risolvendo il determinante della seguente matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-30678afffed54546baac35a9eeda7e74_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}-1-\\lambda&amp;3&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2-\\lambda&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 3&amp;-1&amp;1-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix} = -\\lambda^3+2\\lambda^2+4\\lambda-8\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"86\" width=\"473\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Dobbiamo ora calcolare le radici del polinomio minimo. Poich\u00e9 si tratta di un polinomio di terzo grado, applichiamo la regola di Ruffini per fattorizzarlo:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1022b20e607032ce89202906035a1315_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{r|rrrr} &amp; -1&amp;2&amp;\\phantom{-}4&amp; -8 \\\\[2ex] 2 &amp; &amp; -2&amp;0&amp;8 \\\\ \\hline &amp;-1\\vphantom{\\Bigl)}&amp;0&amp;4&amp;0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"93\" width=\"181\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> E poi troviamo le radici del polinomio ottenuto:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ef5a87ff07eca3feb9798f85cd0b21c7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle -\\lambda^2+4=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda = +2 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = -2 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Quindi gli autovalori della matrice sono:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-76aa799dc37e1ba9c8839ac219e2047f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\lambda=2 \\qquad \\lambda =2 \\qquad \\lambda = -2\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"213\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> L&#8217;autovalore di -2 \u00e8 di molteplicit\u00e0 algebrica semplice, invece l&#8217;autovalore di 2 \u00e8 di molteplicit\u00e0 doppia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Una volta trovati gli autovalori si calcola l\u2019autovettore associato a ciascuno di essi. Innanzitutto, l&#8217;autovettore corrispondente all&#8217;autovalore -2: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-70c2775e4e4ba721178bb0bb01743b0a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A+2I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f548e75ebc3648368d043737d26c3141_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;3&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;4&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 3&amp;-1&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"202\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-eda9945255b333b217a9c40fc90fb632_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} x+3y+z = 0 \\\\[2ex] 4y = 0\\\\[2ex] 3x-y+3z = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l}y=0 \\\\[2ex] x = -z \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"255\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e79ea01eaeac74b4cf803f470fbb329b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] -1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Calcoliamo ora gli autovettori associati agli autovalori 2. <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6c6944f71d79a33d4789affbc82db4c1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-2I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-53c61e86f8559cae71cca6a111379645_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}-3&amp;3&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 3&amp;-1&amp;-1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"229\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9de45793fef0fd80dff4c8013e9d444d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -3x+3y+z = 0 \\\\[2ex] 0= 0\\\\[2ex] 3x-y-z = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l}y=0 \\\\[2ex] z=3x \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"264\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e90d075bde6188e524147bdd92aa203d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 3\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Poich\u00e9 l&#8217;autovalore 2 viene ripetuto due volte, dobbiamo calcolare un altro autovettore che soddisfi le equazioni del sottospazio (o autospazio):<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-517e77ee4e68f74541ce05ff82fe8188_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}-1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] -3\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Costruiamo la matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , formato dai tre autovettori della matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6a457d6a8a6af3a42596803162118e90_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  P = \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;1&amp;-1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;3&amp;-3 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"150\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Tuttavia i tre vettori non sono linearmente indipendenti, poich\u00e9 ovviamente i due autovettori con autovalore 2 sono una combinazione lineare tra loro. Questo pu\u00f2 anche essere dimostrato perch\u00e9 il determinante della matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 uguale a 0 (ha una riga piena di zeri):<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-eef0b8cbbbfc27e1f11bee978f009064_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(P) = \\begin{vmatrix}1&amp;1&amp;-1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;3&amp;-3 \\end{vmatrix}=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"86\" width=\"207\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Pertanto, poich\u00e9 gli autovettori sono linearmente dipendenti, <strong>la matrice A non \u00e8 diagonalizzabile<\/strong> .<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Esercizio 5<\/h3>\n<p> Se possibile, diagonalizza la seguente matrice quadrata di dimensione 3\u00d73: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c00122db1c4520c4ff5907ba29c05647_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}3&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"122\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>Vedi la soluzione<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Il primo passo consiste nel trovare gli autovalori della matrice A. Calcoliamo quindi l&#8217;equazione caratteristica risolvendo il determinante della seguente matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0bc2d83752a7ea5c3532047677b123b4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}3-\\lambda&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2-\\lambda&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;2-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"86\" width=\"281\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Poich\u00e9 la prima riga \u00e8 interamente composta da zeri tranne 3, ne approfitteremo per risolvere il determinante della matrice mediante cofattori (o aggiunti):<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f27c9abc6047b2289c6dca75524c36b1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{aligned} \\begin{vmatrix}3-\\lambda&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2-\\lambda&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;2-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix}&amp; = (3-\\lambda)\\cdot  \\begin{vmatrix} 2-\\lambda&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex]1&amp;2-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix} \\\\[3ex] &amp; = (3-\\lambda)[\\lambda^2 -4\\lambda +3] \\end{aligned}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"136\" width=\"364\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Dobbiamo ora calcolare le radici del polinomio caratteristico. \u00c8 meglio non moltiplicare le parentesi perch\u00e9 si otterrebbe un polinomio di terzo grado. Se invece i due fattori vengono risolti separatamente \u00e8 pi\u00f9 semplice ottenere gli autovalori:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-51bd286d6b714a75da7b952b21b01000_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (3-\\lambda)[\\lambda^2 -4\\lambda +3]=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} 3-\\lambda=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\lambda = 3 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda^2 -4\\lambda +3=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\begin{cases}\\lambda = 1 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 3 \\end{cases} \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"476\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Quindi gli autovalori della matrice sono:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0cab1e45f633f7419506c6af08ec1f6c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\lambda=1 \\qquad \\lambda =3 \\qquad \\lambda = 3\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"200\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Una volta trovati gli autovalori si calcola l\u2019autovettore associato a ciascuno di essi. Innanzitutto, l&#8217;autovettore corrispondente all&#8217;autovalore 1: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-10506efea4c355e8449378bc3a1948a9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"99\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8e830c9d5e670fac1f34cbd469a11255_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"188\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a2afb8e9c13b45197cd1b96c25dd7f9c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 2x = 0 \\\\[2ex] y+z = 0\\\\[2ex] y+z = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l}x=0 \\\\[2ex] y = -z \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"205\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e82a93f938d6438a3f8caf32715cc3d8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] -1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Successivamente calcoliamo gli autovettori associati agli autovalori 3: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-50e802072a0f6e2942bc873d6a466909_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-3I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4e32cf06d1621a90bae143448d4fa348_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-1&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;-1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d52817f384fe99c1ecc4dce8034d138f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 0 = 0 \\\\[2ex] -y+z = 0\\\\[2ex] y-z = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l}y=z  \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"205\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4f56725fbe621b829ccd3de6e289af91_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Poich\u00e9 l&#8217;autovalore 3 viene ripetuto due volte, dobbiamo calcolare un altro autovettore che soddisfi le equazioni dell&#8217;autospazio:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d53a91ff3ef0a02d62956e7517bff871_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Costruiamo la matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , formato dagli autovettori della matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-01c9824b06a22d012e8d7f7d10b3d411_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  P = \\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;1&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1&amp;0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"137\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> A differenza dell&#8217;esercizio 4, in questo caso siamo riusciti a formare 3 vettori linearmente indipendenti sebbene la molteplicit\u00e0 algebrica dell&#8217;autovalore 3 sia doppia. Ci\u00f2 pu\u00f2 essere verificato vedendo che il determinante della matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> d\u00e0 un risultato diverso da 0:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5b64f45987701e73cd19b7ca0183e20f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(P) = \\begin{vmatrix}0&amp;0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;1&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1&amp;0 \\end{vmatrix} =-2 \\neq 0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"86\" width=\"239\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Possiamo cos\u00ec effettuare la scomposizione diagonale della matrice A. E la matrice diagonale corrispondente \u00e8 quella che ha gli autovalori sulla diagonale principale:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-428f628ac9ba4c7ae6eb615b0e726735_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle D= \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;3&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"124\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Ricordare che gli autovalori devono essere posizionati nello stesso ordine in cui gli autovettori sono posizionati nella matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> .<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> In breve, la matrice di cambiamento di base necessaria per diagonalizzare la matrice e la sua forma diagonalizzata sono:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d6fc326a197ddeb33da66d0ecbb5f3b1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle P = \\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;1&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1&amp;0 \\end{pmatrix}\\qquad D= \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;3&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"304\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Esercizio 6<\/h3>\n<p> Effettuare la diagonalizzazione, se possibile, della seguente matrice di dimensione 4\u00d74: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b25cef0f514564a0206c2f8a588bd346_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A=\\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-3&amp;1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;5\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"161\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>Vedi la soluzione<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Il primo passo consiste nel trovare gli autovalori della matrice A. Calcoliamo quindi l&#8217;equazione caratteristica risolvendo il determinante della seguente matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7cacf7f3b5f63ab816368aaa866e5762_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}2-\\lambda&amp;1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-3-\\lambda&amp;1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-1&amp;-\\lambda&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;5-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"108\" width=\"335\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> In questo caso l&#8217;ultima colonna del determinante \u00e8 composta solo da zeri tranne un elemento, ne approfitteremo quindi per calcolare il determinante per cofattori tramite questa colonna:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4211dd57b179125aa12310419b051ccb_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{aligned} \\begin{vmatrix}2-\\lambda&amp;1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-3-\\lambda&amp;1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-1&amp;-\\lambda&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;5-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix}&amp; = (5-\\lambda)\\cdot  \\begin{vmatrix}2-\\lambda&amp;1&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-3-\\lambda&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-1&amp;-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix}\\\\[3ex] &amp; = (5-\\lambda)[-\\lambda^3 -\\lambda^2 +6\\lambda] \\end{aligned}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"161\" width=\"472\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Dobbiamo ora calcolare le radici del polinomio caratteristico. \u00c8 meglio non fare il prodotto tra parentesi perch\u00e9 altrimenti otterresti un polinomio di quarto grado. Tuttavia, se i due fattori vengono risolti separatamente, \u00e8 pi\u00f9 semplice calcolare gli autovalori: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c85f64406d449b4f23e6bbc31ee093b7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (5-\\lambda)[-\\lambda^3 -\\lambda^2 +6\\lambda]=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} 5-\\lambda=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\lambda = 5 \\\\[2ex] -\\lambda^3 -\\lambda^2 +6\\lambda =0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\lambda(-\\lambda^2 -\\lambda +6) =0 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"593\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-96a7a939f5e7d075a94581b2354f7c79_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda(-\\lambda^2 -\\lambda +6)=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda=0  \\\\[2ex] -\\lambda^2 -\\lambda +6=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda=2 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = -3 \\end{cases}\\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"467\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Quindi gli autovalori della matrice sono:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a035c19d3bf8a877933101ccb35189c8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\lambda=0 \\qquad \\lambda =-3 \\qquad \\lambda = 2\\qquad \\lambda = 5\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"291\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Una volta trovati tutti gli autovalori si passa agli autovettori. Calcoliamo l&#8217;autovettore associato all&#8217;autovalore 0: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e3b04137690f84b723e3ed568e1114a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-0I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-48e7a88c722f93154455a7d3a139e9e0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 2&amp;1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-3&amp;1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;5\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}w \\\\[1.1ex] x \\\\[1.1ex] y\\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"230\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bd06b2978a9da318f23d71c96d5d028e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 2w+x+2y = 0 \\\\[2ex] w-3x+y = 0\\\\[2ex] -x=0 \\\\[2ex] 5z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} x=0 \\\\[2ex] z=0  \\\\[2ex]w=-y \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"129\" width=\"262\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5e6cb2192b1819fcd5216e1ad0b37346_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}-1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1  \\\\[1.1ex]0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Calcoliamo l&#8217;autovettore associato all&#8217;autovalore -3: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a30172d2befd05d52d80c2792c8b917f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A+3I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bb4e1e57896d33ad465b139fee1f0069_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 5&amp;1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;0&amp;1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-1&amp;3&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;8\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}w \\\\[1.1ex] x \\\\[1.1ex] y\\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"108\" width=\"230\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0190aad5028c9efdaebb2226b863104d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 5w+x+2y = 0 \\\\[2ex] w+y = 0\\\\[2ex] -x+3y=0 \\\\[2ex] 8z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} w=-y  \\\\[2ex]x=3y \\\\[2ex] z=0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"129\" width=\"262\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1d4c0c3b06a7cdb14076a2d1dc0eb395_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}-1 \\\\[1.1ex] 3 \\\\[1.1ex] 1  \\\\[1.1ex]0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Calcoliamo l&#8217;autovettore associato all&#8217;autovalore 2: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6c6944f71d79a33d4789affbc82db4c1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-2I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7263a76e7855eedadeecb32ac4e3a097_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 0&amp;1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-5&amp;1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-1&amp;-2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}w \\\\[1.1ex] x \\\\[1.1ex] y\\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"244\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b1655d285c99ec5c316ac5b56f7a2bfb_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} x+2y = 0 \\\\[2ex] w-5x+y = 0\\\\[2ex] -x-2y=0 \\\\[2ex] 3z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} x=-2y \\\\[2ex] w=-11y \\\\[2ex] z=0  \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"129\" width=\"271\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b72552cd6d30c1f940b2c8ebefa911f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}-11 \\\\[1.1ex] -2 \\\\[1.1ex] 1  \\\\[1.1ex]0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"91\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Calcoliamo l&#8217;autovettore associato all&#8217;autovalore 5: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f48052a078660236820e9f605996e193_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-5I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cad6a424d357b8ab8ad0dbf5b6a9a1fe_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} -3&amp;1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-8&amp;1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-1&amp;-5&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}w \\\\[1.1ex] x \\\\[1.1ex] y\\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"258\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3531f26937c3668fb457e0af0cf8761d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -3w+x+2y = 0 \\\\[2ex] w-8x+y = 0\\\\[2ex] -x-5y=0 \\\\[2ex] 0=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} w=x=y=0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"129\" width=\"329\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-633b2852390bdc22c60e2aaf38b6ab2c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex]1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Realizziamo la matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , composto dagli autovettori della matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d01ab11cb87f40e42c259bf37e95130f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  P = \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;-1&amp;-11&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;3&amp;-2&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1&amp;1&amp;0  \\\\[1.1ex]0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"198\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Poich\u00e9 tutti gli autovalori sono diversi tra loro, la matrice A \u00e8 diagonalizzabile. Quindi la matrice diagonale corrispondente \u00e8 quella che ha gli autovalori sulla diagonale principale:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8174826f72dc49491c2884f32f54febf_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle D= \\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-3&amp;0&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;5\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"163\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Ricordare che gli autovalori devono essere posizionati nello stesso ordine in cui sono posizionati gli autovettori nella matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> .<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> In sintesi, le modifiche di base necessarie per diagonalizzare la matrice A e la matrice in forma diagonale sono:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-029be0f37d9f5846758b7dbb1e25c8fc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle P = \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;-1&amp;-11&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;3&amp;-2&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1&amp;1&amp;0  \\\\[1.1ex]0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;1\\end{pmatrix} \\qquad D=\\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;-3&amp;0&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;5\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"404\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"adsb30\" style=\" margin:12px; text-align:center\">\n<div id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-118\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Applicazioni di matrici diagonalizzabili<\/h2>\n<p> Se sei arrivato fin qui, probabilmente ti starai chiedendo: a cosa serve una matrice diagonalizzabile?<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Ebbene, le matrici diagonalizzabili sono molto utili e ampiamente utilizzate in matematica. Il motivo \u00e8 che una matrice diagonale \u00e8 praticamente piena di zeri e quindi rende i calcoli molto pi\u00f9 semplici.<\/p>\n<p> Un chiaro esempio di ci\u00f2 sono le <strong>potenze delle matrici diagonalizzabili,<\/strong> perch\u00e9 il loro risultato \u00e8 semplificato dalla seguente formula:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a58b001c11304f21fbb6c1f2ac53766f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  A^k=PD^kP^{-1}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"113\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Questa uguaglianza pu\u00f2 essere facilmente dimostrata per induzione. \u00c8 quindi sufficiente innalzare la matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> all&#8217;espositore. E poich\u00e9 si tratta di una matrice diagonale, l&#8217;operazione si riduce ad elevare all&#8217;esponente ciascun termine della diagonale principale:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-61f8a7778e43eedecad71920e45f7471_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  D^k = diag(\\lambda_1^k,\\lambda_2^k, \\ldots , \\lambda_n^k)\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"21\" width=\"198\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Esempio di potenza di una matrice diagonalizzabile<\/h3>\n<p> Per meglio comprendere, calcoleremo come esempio la potenza di una matrice diagonalizzabile:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3544a0199a7c277c7497a042deee07ce_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 3&amp;1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"95\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> La matrice del cambiamento di base<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , formato dai suoi autovettori, e dalla matrice diagonalizzata<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> , composto dai propri valori, sono:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3d5f3ac30ba6b6ac40e819e86daad73e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle P = \\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;3 \\end{pmatrix} \\qquad D= \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"235\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Quindi, per fare un esempio, la matrice A elevata a 7 equivale a:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-474e92843d1a973a45a0cfe8fc8889ec_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  A^7=PD^7P^{-1}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"112\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9c0cbd00c0e1c04f294d8ff5413894e5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  A^7=\\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}^7\\left.\\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;3 \\end{pmatrix}\\right.^{-1}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"58\" width=\"265\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Ora invertiamo la matrice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7868fd8a15a99bfc9b31b1e4732bcc8a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P:\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"23\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9747b331e1548549fa7a171695729eec_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  A^7=\\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;3 \\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}^7\\begin{pmatrix}-3&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"58\" width=\"254\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Risolviamo la potenza della matrice <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0678df2cc9faf293040c255b8d05014d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D:\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"24\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-147918af8d66f941dcd70444b7e0d5a2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  A^7=\\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}1^7&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;2^7\\end{pmatrix} \\begin{pmatrix}-3&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"262\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-27c7f9dee1b20761a9845457099573cf_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  A^7=\\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;3 \\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;128\\end{pmatrix} \\begin{pmatrix}-3&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"264\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> E, infine, effettuiamo le moltiplicazioni delle matrici:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f77fa7a83f343c5723afa0a3fde981cc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  \\bm{A^7=}\\begin{pmatrix}\\bm{128}&amp;\\bm{0}\\\\[1.1ex] \\bm{381}&amp;\\bm{1}\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"118\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Come hai visto, \u00e8 pi\u00f9 conveniente calcolare la potenza con una matrice diagonale piuttosto che moltiplicare la stessa matrice sette volte di seguito. Quindi immagina con valori esponenti molto pi\u00f9 grandi. <\/p>\n<div class=\"adsb30\" style=\" margin:12px; text-align:center\">\n<div id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-119\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Propriet\u00e0 delle matrici diagonalizzabili<\/h2>\n<p> Le caratteristiche di questo tipo di matrice sono:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Se la matrice\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 diagonalizzabile, qualsiasi potenza di<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li> Quasi tutte le matrici possono essere diagonalizzate in un ambiente complesso\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-68da13602f004ced593a0442bca3f363_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\mathbb{C}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> . Anche se di seguito hai le eccezioni che non sono mai diagonalizzabili.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li> Se la matrice\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 una matrice ortogonale, allora diciamo che la matrice<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 <strong>ortogonalmente diagonalizzabile<\/strong> e, quindi, l\u2019equazione pu\u00f2 essere riscritta:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e3f65f9edb18ea2a563767416aec8e52_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  A=PDP^t\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"85\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Una matrice \u00e8 diagonalizzabile da una matrice unitaria se e solo se \u00e8 una matrice normale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li> Date due matrici diagonalizzabili, esse sono commutabili se e solo se possono essere diagonalizzate simultaneamente, cio\u00e8 se condividono la stessa base ortonormale di autovettori (o autovettori).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li> Se un endomorfismo \u00e8 diagonalizzabile si dice che \u00e8 <strong>diagonalizzabile per somiglianza<\/strong> . Tuttavia non tutti gli endomorfismi sono diagonalizzabili, ovvero la diagonalizzazione di un endomorfismo non \u00e8 assicurata.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Diagonalizzazione simultanea<\/h2>\n<p> Un insieme di matrici si dice <strong>simultaneamente diagonalizzabile<\/strong> se esiste una matrice invertibile che serve come base per diagonalizzare qualsiasi matrice di questo insieme. In altre parole, se due matrici diagonalizzano sulla stessa base autovettoriale, significa che sono diagonalizzabili simultaneamente.<\/p>\n<p> Inoltre, come abbiamo commentato nelle propriet\u00e0 della diagonalizzazione delle matrici, se due matrici sono in grado di diagonalizzarsi simultaneamente, devono commutare tra loro.<\/p>\n<p> Ad esempio, le seguenti due matrici sono commutabili, quindi diagonalizzano sulla stessa base di autovettori o autovettori.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c215d8b5d9ae75dbd069c6b6d39886dd_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  A=\\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-1 \\end{pmatrix} \\qquad B=\\begin{pmatrix}3&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"247\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Anche se hanno gli stessi autovettori, ci\u00f2 non significa che abbiano gli stessi autovalori. Infatti, sebbene le matrici A e B sopra abbiano autovettori simili, hanno autovalori diversi.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Matrici non diagonalizzabili<\/h2>\n<div class=\"adsb30\" style=\" margin:px; text-align:\"><\/div>\n<p> Sebbene la stragrande maggioranza delle matrici sia diagonalizzabile in un ambiente di numeri complessi, <strong>alcune matrici non possono mai essere diagonalizzabili.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> Questo fatto si verifica quando la molteplicit\u00e0 algebrica di un autovalore (o autovalore) non coincide con la molteplicit\u00e0 geometrica.<\/p>\n<p> Ad esempio, la seguente matrice non \u00e8 in alcun modo diagonalizzabile, \u00e8 \u201cindiagonalizzabile\u201d:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cdadeeadd8ee984e2efb53896c2d3306_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"54\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Inoltre, ci sono matrici che non sono in grado di diagonalizzare in un ambiente di numeri reali, ma lo fanno quando si lavora con numeri complessi, come questa matrice:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c7bb0fa6573d760edc55d94cfc834c7e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  \\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;1 \\\\[1.1ex] -1&amp;0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Infine, ci sono alcune procedure <em>di diagonalizzazione dei blocchi di matrice<\/em> che non sono puramente diagonalizzabili, ma sono un po&#8217; pi\u00f9 complicate. Il metodo pi\u00f9 conosciuto \u00e8 la diagonalizzazione con <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forma_can%C3%B3nica_de_Jordan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">la forma canonica di Jordan<\/a> .<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Diagonalizzare una matrice con MATLAB<\/h2>\n<p> I programmi per computer sono molto utili quando si tratta di diagonalizzare matrici, soprattutto se sono molto grandi. E il software pi\u00f9 conosciuto \u00e8 sicuramente <strong>MATLAB<\/strong> , quindi di seguito vedremo come fattorizzare diagonalmente una matrice utilizzando questo programma.<\/p>\n<p> L&#8217;istruzione utilizzata per diagonalizzare una matrice con MATLAB \u00e8:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d9c2b022364c0099b96b150c5853a9f8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  \\text{[P, D] = eig(A)}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"116\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Oro<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 la matrice da diagonalizzare e<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> E<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> sono le matrici che il programma restituisce:<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-650eb7688af6737ac325425b5c9a5982_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"P\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 la matrice formata dagli autovettori e<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4b9ef1bbd23fd1b198de883813285620_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"D\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"15\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 la matrice in forma diagonale i cui termini diagonali principali sono gli autovalori.<\/p>\n<p> Pertanto, devi solo inserire questo codice nel programma.<\/p>\n<p> Se invece vuoi conoscere solo gli autovalori, puoi usare la seguente istruzione:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1e908bfbcd51e3b8c338b5ca279f9f8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle  e= eig(A)}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"81\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Oro<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3fc193f43cc29c1eef788f64ba43c1bd_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"e\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"8\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> \u00e8 il vettore colonna che MATLAB restituisce con gli autovalori della matrice<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In questa pagina troverai tutto sulle matrici diagonalizzabili: cosa sono, quando possono essere diagonalizzate e quando no, il metodo per diagonalizzare le matrici, le applicazioni e le propriet\u00e0 di queste particolari matrici, ecc. E hai anche diversi esercizi risolti passo dopo passo cos\u00ec puoi esercitarti e capire perfettamente come vengono diagonalizzati. Infine, impareremo anche come &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/it\/come-diagonalizzare-una-matrice-diagonalizzabile-diagonalizzazione-di-matrici-2x2-3x3-4x4-esercizi-risolti-passo-dopo-passo\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Come diagonalizzare una matrice<\/span> Leggi altro &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-determinante-di-una-matrice"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Come diagonalizzare una matrice -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/it\/come-diagonalizzare-una-matrice-diagonalizzabile-diagonalizzazione-di-matrici-2x2-3x3-4x4-esercizi-risolti-passo-dopo-passo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Come diagonalizzare una matrice -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In questa pagina troverai tutto sulle matrici diagonalizzabili: cosa sono, quando possono essere diagonalizzate e quando no, il metodo per diagonalizzare le matrici, le applicazioni e le propriet\u00e0 di queste particolari matrici, ecc. 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