{"id":333,"date":"2023-07-06T06:35:36","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T06:35:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mathority.org\/de\/berechnen-sie-eigenwerte-eigenwerte-und-eigenvektoren-eigenvektoren-einer-matrix\/"},"modified":"2023-07-06T06:35:36","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T06:35:36","slug":"berechnen-sie-eigenwerte-eigenwerte-und-eigenvektoren-eigenvektoren-einer-matrix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mathority.org\/de\/berechnen-sie-eigenwerte-eigenwerte-und-eigenvektoren-eigenvektoren-einer-matrix\/","title":{"rendered":"Eigenwerte (oder eigenwerte) und eigenvektoren (oder eigenvektoren) einer matrix"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Auf dieser Seite erkl\u00e4ren wir, was Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren sind, auch Eigenwerte bzw. Eigenvektoren genannt. Au\u00dferdem finden Sie Beispiele zur Berechnung sowie Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt gel\u00f6ste \u00dcbungsaufgaben zum \u00dcben.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Was ist ein Eigenwert und ein Eigenvektor?<\/h2>\n<p> Obwohl der Begriff Eigenwert und Eigenvektor schwer zu verstehen ist, lautet seine Definition wie folgt: <\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color:#dff6ff;padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 0.5px; padding-right: 40px; padding-left: 30px\" class=\"has-background\">\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"> <strong>Eigenvektoren oder Eigenvektoren<\/strong> sind die Nicht-Null-Vektoren einer linearen Karte, die bei ihrer Transformation ein skalares Vielfaches davon ergeben (sie \u00e4ndern ihre Richtung nicht). Dieser Skalar ist der <strong>Eigenwert oder Eigenwert<\/strong> .<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-710a5e2df8739c35c060f790f5592734_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"Av = \\lambda v\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"65\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"> Gold<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-25b206f25506e6d6f46be832f7119ffa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"A\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"13\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> ist die Matrix der linearen Karte,<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ef71511c70f0e4b25cc6bd69f3bc20c2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"v\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> ist der Eigenvektor und<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2b5c45836864531b8e37025dabadd24a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\lambda\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"10\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> eigenen Wert.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p> Der Eigenwert wird auch als charakteristischer Wert bezeichnet. Und es gibt sogar Mathematiker, die die deutsche Wurzel \u201eeigen\u201c verwenden, um Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren zu bezeichnen: <em>Eigenwerte<\/em> f\u00fcr Eigenwerte und <em>Eigenvektoren<\/em> f\u00fcr Eigenvektoren.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Wie berechnet man die Eigenwerte (oder Eigenwerte) und die Eigenvektoren (oder Eigenvektoren) einer Matrix?<\/h2>\n<p> Um die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren einer Matrix zu finden, muss man einem ganzen Verfahren folgen:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"color:#1976d2; font-weight: bold;>\n<li><span style=\" color:#262626;font-weight:=\"\" normal;\"=\"\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:18px\"><span style=\"color:#262626;font-weight: normal;\">Die charakteristische Gleichung der Matrix wird durch L\u00f6sen der folgenden Determinante berechnet:<\/span><\/li>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d7224fcfc13d25429e22216a3d4124cb_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"92\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"> <span style=\"color:#262626;font-weight: normal;\">Wir finden die Wurzeln des in Schritt 1 erhaltenen charakteristischen Polynoms. Diese Wurzeln sind die Eigenwerte der Matrix.<\/span><\/li>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fbe85bd9aff702c72a31d3889f035518_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\lambda\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"186\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"> <span style=\"color:#262626;font-weight: normal;\">Der Eigenvektor jedes Eigenwerts wird berechnet. Dazu wird f\u00fcr jeden Eigenwert das folgende Gleichungssystem gel\u00f6st:<\/span><\/li>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-372f1009cb2b47f939cf9291f0f23885_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-\\lambda I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"109\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/ol>\n<p> Dies ist die Methode zum Finden der Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren einer Matrix, aber hier geben wir Ihnen auch einige Tipps: \ud83d\ude09 <\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color:#fffde7;padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 0.5px; padding-right: 40px; padding-left: 30px\" class=\"has-background\">\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"> <strong>Tipps<\/strong> : Wir k\u00f6nnen die Eigenschaften von Eigenwerten und Eigenvektoren nutzen, um sie einfacher zu berechnen:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"> <strong><span style=\"color:#1976d2;\">\u2713<\/span><\/strong> Die Spur der Matrix (Summe ihrer Hauptdiagonalen) ist gleich der Summe aller Eigenwerte.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d4b8ae7f7f7a36be08403ae6ba8b3d32_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle tr(A)=\\sum_{i=1}^n \\lambda_i\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"49\" width=\"109\" style=\"vertical-align: -21px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"> <strong><span style=\"color:#1976d2;\">\u2713<\/span><\/strong> Das Produkt aller Eigenwerte ist gleich der Determinante der Matrix.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7aa4b68759894e3f25d6475c3b6f71b4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle det(A)=\\prod_{i=1}^n \\lambda_i\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"49\" width=\"115\" style=\"vertical-align: -21px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"> <strong><span style=\"color:#1976d2;\">\u2713<\/span><\/strong> Liegt eine Linearkombination zwischen Zeilen oder Spalten vor, ist mindestens ein Eigenwert der Matrix gleich 0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p> Sehen wir uns ein Beispiel an, wie die Eigenvektoren und Eigenwerte einer Matrix berechnet werden, um die Methode besser zu verstehen:<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Beispiel f\u00fcr die Berechnung der Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren einer Matrix:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li> Finden Sie die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der folgenden Matrix:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e82dbe4f6e975e1374cab2c1b74638b9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 5&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"95\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Zuerst m\u00fcssen wir die charakteristische Gleichung der Matrix finden. Und dazu muss folgende Determinante gel\u00f6st werden:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-283812fe5eed97f58568fb6e515e3ff5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}1- \\lambda &amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 5&amp;2-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix} = \\lambda^2-3\\lambda +2\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"338\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Jetzt berechnen wir die Wurzeln des charakteristischen Polynoms, setzen also das erhaltene Ergebnis auf 0 und l\u00f6sen die Gleichung:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2287061273d7f8502e0dbf1cb2fe1ad7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda^2-3\\lambda +2 = 0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"18\" width=\"122\" style=\"vertical-align: -2px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fdee5858b8b0187078ea372d9362900f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\lambda= \\cfrac{-(-3)\\pm \\sqrt{(-3)^2-4\\cdot 1 \\cdot 2}}{2\\cdot 1} = \\cfrac{+3\\pm 1}{2}=\\begin{cases} \\lambda = 1 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 2 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"419\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Die L\u00f6sungen der Gleichung sind die Eigenwerte der Matrix.<\/p>\n<p> Sobald wir die Eigenwerte haben, berechnen wir die Eigenvektoren. Dazu m\u00fcssen wir f\u00fcr jeden Eigenwert das folgende System l\u00f6sen:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-372f1009cb2b47f939cf9291f0f23885_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-\\lambda I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"109\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Wir berechnen zun\u00e4chst den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 1: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-372f1009cb2b47f939cf9291f0f23885_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-\\lambda I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"109\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-4f0cbd7a7e0670410881dcc0bfd4969c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-1 I)\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"163\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e1f49b7ecec643964e4a14cd17ddecb4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 5&amp;1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"156\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-06473aeaa487551bca2eb98ff786c8f5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 0x+0y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 5x+y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"112\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Aus diesen Gleichungen erhalten wir den folgenden Unterraum:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-82da1eb92338b5dc67c9e65188b6c247_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle y=-5x\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"17\" width=\"66\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Eigenvektor-Unterr\u00e4ume werden auch Eigenr\u00e4ume genannt.<\/p>\n<p> Jetzt m\u00fcssen wir eine Basis f\u00fcr diesen Reinraum finden, also geben wir der Variablen beispielsweise den Wert 1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ede05c264bba0eda080918aaa09c4658_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"x\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"8\" width=\"10\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<p> und wir erhalten den folgenden Eigenvektor: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f4700ed7bb632b97f0ce1bec12409888_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle x = 1 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ y=-5\\cdot 1 = -5\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"17\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8af03064a8f197990df832e71472cab0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] -5\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"79\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"adsb30\" style=\" margin:px; text-align:\"><\/div>\n<p> Sobald schlie\u00dflich der Eigenvektor zu Eigenwert 1 gefunden wurde, wiederholen wir den Vorgang, um den Eigenvektor f\u00fcr Eigenwert 2 zu berechnen: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-372f1009cb2b47f939cf9291f0f23885_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-\\lambda I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"109\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3d52ccfc2cbc996d3844af6c699a81b2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-2I)\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"163\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-24442a53901cc9f0622aecf66ef2dc25_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 5&amp;0\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"169\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fbd3a434bf3f89ed38a893a98befee97_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -x+0y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 5x+0y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ x=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"207\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> In diesem Fall muss nur die erste Komponente des Vektors 0 sein, sodass wir ihr einen beliebigen Wert zuweisen k\u00f6nnen<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0af556714940c351c933bba8cf840796_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"y\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"9\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\"><\/p>\n<p> . Aber der Einfachheit halber ist es besser, eine 1 zu setzen:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f47b6a21a448d003d909c0c1c969b8f6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"66\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Zusammenfassend sind die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der Matrix:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1668ed5f36ad0a8fcb28a264c76b6163_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 1 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] -5 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"158\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-56b0287c0bea71a1e5a258373aaa47d9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 2 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"144\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p> Sobald Sie wissen, wie man die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren einer Matrix findet, fragen Sie sich vielleicht \u2026 und wozu dienen sie? Nun, es stellt sich heraus, dass sie f\u00fcr <a href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/de\/wie-man-eine-diagonalisierbare-matrix-diagonalisiert.-diagonalisierung-einer-2x2-3x3-4x4-matrix.-ubungen-schritt-fur-schritt-gelost\/\">die Matrixdiagonalisierung<\/a> sehr n\u00fctzlich sind, tats\u00e4chlich ist dies ihre Hauptanwendung. Um mehr zu erfahren, empfehlen wir Ihnen, sich mit dem Link \u201eDiagonalisieren einer Matrix\u201c anzuschauen. Dort wird die Vorgehensweise Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt erkl\u00e4rt und es gibt auch Beispiele und gel\u00f6ste \u00dcbungen zum \u00dcben.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Gel\u00f6ste Aufgaben zu Eigenwerten und Eigenvektoren (Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren)<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> \u00dcbung 1<\/h3>\n<p> Berechnen Sie die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der folgenden quadratischen Matrix der Ordnung 2: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0c6e3869ea2848140f026afc2ff8d554_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}3&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;4\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"95\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>siehe L\u00f6sung<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen zun\u00e4chst die Determinante der Matrix minus \u03bb auf ihrer Hauptdiagonale:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fadce42062bb04b7477318fdc35c4285_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}3- \\lambda &amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;4-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix} = \\lambda^2-7\\lambda +10\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"348\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Berechnen wir nun die Wurzeln des charakteristischen Polynoms:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7139127430fa6b78b78715d57a6fdf1f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda^2-7\\lambda +10=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda = 2 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 5 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"239\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 2: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1b024c5f7e5acd0be55824c37befc587_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A- 2I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-614f9247b0d79635f70ec79eaa8c6529_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"156\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-272495fa6e8f89ba4e7c6a6d848cb38a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} x+y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 2x+2y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ x=-y\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-77c240aaa8b75f1e5353c295ee86ad50_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] -1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"79\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Und dann berechnen wir den Eigenvektor, der zum Eigenwert 5 geh\u00f6rt: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f48052a078660236820e9f605996e193_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-5I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b8aa7cae3057d78343128cd1095df24e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}-2&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;-1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"183\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d8c38e500cf7103b1dc0e91ea1b4531a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -2x+y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 2x-y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ y=2x\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8be56f81b5aef28783636f85c4dbd643_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 2 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"66\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Daher sind die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der Matrix A: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cde889d89562f2e42bd6610b0045c118_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 2 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] -1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"158\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3e954ba60fdc7eba60ba8530980854c5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 5 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\[1.1ex] 2 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"144\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"adsb30\" style=\" margin:12px; text-align:center\">\n<div id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-118\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> \u00dcbung 2<\/h3>\n<p> Bestimmen Sie die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der folgenden 2&#215;2-Quadratmatrix: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-54b0188c9fbadd6c3e35315443b71efd_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 3&amp;0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"95\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>siehe L\u00f6sung<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen zun\u00e4chst die Determinante der Matrix minus \u03bb auf ihrer Hauptdiagonale, um die charakteristische Gleichung zu erhalten:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-88fcd3b21ad2fa5a4d1d7789a86043e5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}2- \\lambda &amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 3&amp;-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix} = \\lambda^2-2\\lambda -3\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"323\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Berechnen wir nun die Wurzeln des charakteristischen Polynoms:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2614817b28bdb25c4fd89d4c773b4e35_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda^2-2\\lambda -3=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda = -1 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 3 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"244\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert -1: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f3e4bb6ba47bb4b9084b8a34d03dd35f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-(-1)I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"135\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cdddf8c6da3e8066da62f60da7e9c603_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A+1I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e4b3d926f1a25454c3e645d79b28887d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 3&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 3&amp;1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"156\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a7a6529e3ed8eb1607caa88475bcbb8f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 3x+1y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 3x+1y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ y=-3x\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"225\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-67716508d5a9772f98c3f006f012dff1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] -3 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"79\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Und dann berechnen wir den Eigenvektor, der zum Eigenwert 3 geh\u00f6rt: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-50e802072a0f6e2942bc873d6a466909_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-3I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-20e5d0be7e6dbe91bf15c835dac63b38_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix}-1&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 3&amp;-3\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\end{pmatrix} =}\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"183\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8355b1ade79ba1508633f309926bc221_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -1x+1y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 3x-3y = 0\\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ y=x\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0f3cac5769795f1730fcbf118fdfbbc3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"66\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Daher sind die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der Matrix A: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-95e2b0bf0405bc0c301600cbb4b2b28a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = -1 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] -3 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"172\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6322d97c5d24c1227b06dddf4b0974c0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 3 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"54\" width=\"144\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dcbung 3<\/h3>\n<p> Bestimmen Sie die Eigenwerte und die Eigenvektoren der folgenden Matrix der Ordnung 3: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a0e4f4147cbc9e0b657ff432f64bc8e2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"122\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>siehe L\u00f6sung<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir m\u00fcssen zun\u00e4chst die Determinante der Matrix A minus der mit Lambda multiplizierten Identit\u00e4tsmatrix l\u00f6sen, um die charakteristische Gleichung zu erhalten:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0af2ff4694103925883916b6a974c84d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}1-\\lambda&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;1-\\lambda&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;2-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"86\" width=\"281\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> In diesem Fall enth\u00e4lt die letzte Spalte der Determinante zwei Nullen, daher nutzen wir dies, um die Determinante anhand von Cofaktoren (oder Komplementen) \u00fcber diese Spalte zu berechnen:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ec7e7a2ec96b8d0721392c28838d105e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{aligned} \\begin{vmatrix}1-\\lambda&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;1-\\lambda&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;2-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix}&amp; = (2-\\lambda)\\cdot  \\begin{vmatrix}1-\\lambda&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;1-\\lambda \\end{vmatrix} \\\\[3ex] &amp; = (2-\\lambda)[\\lambda^2 -2\\lambda -3] \\end{aligned}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"136\" width=\"364\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir m\u00fcssen nun die Wurzeln des charakteristischen Polynoms berechnen. Es ist besser, die Klammern nicht zu multiplizieren, da wir dann ein Polynom dritten Grades erhalten w\u00fcrden. Andererseits ist es einfacher, die Eigenwerte zu erhalten, wenn die beiden Faktoren getrennt gel\u00f6st werden:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-adbfb1815d4a480c0584dfee1d8039fb_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (2-\\lambda)[\\lambda^2 -2\\lambda -3]=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} 2-\\lambda=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\lambda = 2 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda^2 -2\\lambda -3=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\begin{cases}\\lambda = -1 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 3 \\end{cases} \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"489\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 2: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6c6944f71d79a33d4789affbc82db4c1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-2I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a6a12c460df4d2f44709c4fd595193dc_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} -1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;0\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5c24e4b7b060a826203e3a049ddfc191_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -x+2y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 2x-y = 0\\\\[2ex] y=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} y=0 \\\\[2ex] x=y=0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"248\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-75ebf6f61121b67afd80cdcec30a1709_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert -1: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-76cc8bb12c3b49d4964b2b3f661677ae_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A+I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"99\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d23c4438a53032df27cc5334d4437c18_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 2&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"188\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-e023d57d34510e5e8f3a37c20d170e72_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 2x+2y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 2x+2y = 0\\\\[2ex] y+3z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} x=-y \\\\[2ex] y=-3z \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"233\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0be9ef18fb17845818bdd9de51dcb114_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}3 \\\\[1.1ex] -3 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 3: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-50e802072a0f6e2942bc873d6a466909_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-3I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d0360154b87545dd87e1b0b7bc06f4e7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} -2&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;-2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;-1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"229\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b8d514791286e43eae4b09d893d528df_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -2x+2y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 2x-2y = 0\\\\[2ex] y-z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} x=y \\\\[2ex] y=z \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"224\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-99f86f65a5a9c69119285377d88f2efa_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Daher sind die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der Matrix A: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fe42249314c1698847242c608bd65843_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 2 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"146\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d412e1f81df9d6425db73113aaae5cd8_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = -1 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}3 \\\\[1.1ex] -3 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"174\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f581aa37c9698dfb32062777a5a75b11_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 3 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"146\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dcbung 4<\/h3>\n<p> Berechnen Sie die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der folgenden 3&#215;3-Quadratmatrix: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1323184f42d56f070e5b46a75a2e5c4d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;1&amp;3\\\\[1.1ex]-1&amp;1&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;2&amp;4\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"136\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>siehe L\u00f6sung<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir l\u00f6sen zun\u00e4chst die Determinante der Matrix minus \u03bb auf ihrer Hauptdiagonale, um die charakteristische Gleichung zu erhalten:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bc48c8489b25004ef131cc6ced36b929_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}2-\\lambda&amp;1&amp;3\\\\[1.1ex]-1&amp;1-\\lambda&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;2&amp;4-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix}=-\\lambda^3+7\\lambda^2-10\\lambda\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"86\" width=\"437\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir extrahieren einen gemeinsamen Faktor aus dem charakteristischen Polynom und l\u00f6sen f\u00fcr jede Gleichung nach \u03bb auf:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-411dab2f65b426c37f8427d81ef13e97_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda(-\\lambda^2+7\\lambda-10)=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda=0\\\\[2ex] -\\lambda^2+7\\lambda-10=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\begin{cases}\\lambda = 2 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 5 \\end{cases} \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"481\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 0: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e3b04137690f84b723e3ed568e1114a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-0I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bd7ebe2424c6524d522d5bba16d72d33_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 2&amp;1&amp;3\\\\[1.1ex]-1&amp;1&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;2&amp;4\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"202\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-12cd10d2dc8afdb7a045beae4946b64d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 2x+y+3z= 0 \\\\[2ex] -x+y+z= 0\\\\[2ex] x+2y+4z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} x=-\\cfrac{2z}{3} \\\\[4ex] y=-\\cfrac{5z}{3} \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"104\" width=\"266\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a34877b285f281c83d7e73fa8eb40b9f_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}-2 \\\\[1.1ex] -5\\\\[1.1ex] 3\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 2: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6c6944f71d79a33d4789affbc82db4c1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-2I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fbcc697a3be877838fae3507dd3c1b68_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 0&amp;1&amp;3\\\\[1.1ex]-1&amp;-1&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;2&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"216\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-bb8d470bc7bff9f5d8d5a0245b1e7cbf_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} y+3z = 0 \\\\[2ex] -x-y+z= 0\\\\[2ex] x+2y+2z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} y=-3z \\\\[2ex] x=4z \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"263\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-30e589c5ae6b940b901454c296d8342b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}4\\\\[1.1ex] -3 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 5: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f48052a078660236820e9f605996e193_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-5I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-aaf6f17dedf5eecd1e035b9da59da2c9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} -3&amp;1&amp;3\\\\[1.1ex]-1&amp;-4&amp;1\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;2&amp;-1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"229\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-dca8569528fb4923639dd535e25a0f74_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -3x+y+3z = 0 \\\\[2ex] -x-4y+z = 0\\\\[2ex] x+2y-z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} x=z \\\\[2ex] y=0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"255\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-308b2f0f597fcc084d8d06d6c45fd3e5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Daher sind die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der Matrix A: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-62d8a98f007b72910fcd79622eda19e7_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 0 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}-2 \\\\[1.1ex] -5 \\\\[1.1ex] 3\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"160\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ee67e876a46b09430d2d73a653f2d743_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 2 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}4 \\\\[1.1ex] -3 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"160\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-99e4e8b0b837c26991777a294f30d49a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 5 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}1\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"146\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"adsb30\" style=\" margin:12px; text-align:center\">\n<div id=\"ezoic-pub-ad-placeholder-119\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> \u00dcbung 5<\/h3>\n<p> Berechnen Sie die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der folgenden 3&#215;3-Matrix: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-a39253beac54a05e9e84d431daf43362_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A= \\begin{pmatrix}2&amp;2&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"122\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>siehe L\u00f6sung<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir l\u00f6sen zun\u00e4chst die Determinante der Matrix minus \u03bb auf ihrer Hauptdiagonale, um die charakteristische Gleichung zu erhalten:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9392bbf957bee6c445c64192ae96a2ce_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}2-\\lambda&amp;2&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;2-\\lambda&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;3-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix}=-\\lambda^3+7\\lambda^2-14\\lambda+8\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"86\" width=\"468\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir finden eine Wurzel des charakteristischen Polynoms oder des minimalen Polynoms mithilfe der Ruffini-Regel:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-152ec29207fec8bdac7dabe9e1fbff31_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{r|rrrr} &amp; -1&amp;7&amp;-14&amp;8 \\\\[2ex] 1 &amp; &amp; -1&amp;6&amp;-8 \\\\ \\hline &amp;-1\\vphantom{\\Bigl)}&amp;6&amp;-8&amp;0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"93\" width=\"190\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Und dann finden wir die Wurzeln des erhaltenen Polynoms:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b92304d107c097ec5712527929011440_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle -\\lambda^2+6\\lambda -8=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda =2 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 4 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"244\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Die Eigenwerte der Matrix sind also:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-05492792022e885b332adb0cbba45a0d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\lambda=1 \\qquad \\lambda =2 \\qquad \\lambda = 4\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"200\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 1: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-78173073be8dbdcab8a122ade043906d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-1I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-981cc7881e44436326a35a7cc36ad26a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 1&amp;2&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;2\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"188\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d928870722dec65e8b48f7175d5dd4ba_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} x+2y+2z= 0 \\\\[2ex] x+y= 0\\\\[2ex] y+2z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} x=-y \\\\[2ex] y=-2z \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"263\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-da5ca9263773369d5824688b71a31644_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}2 \\\\[1.1ex] -2\\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 2: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6c6944f71d79a33d4789affbc82db4c1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-2I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b9d1686e2947a9bbe1dc10b373128e1e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 0&amp;2&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;0&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"188\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6000063fd1cc954e119cd5d73d08c405_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 2y+2z = 0 \\\\[2ex] x= 0\\\\[2ex] y+z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} y=-z \\\\[2ex] x=0\\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"222\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d47216be7fc08447ac3022a105a086b1_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}0\\\\[1.1ex] -1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 4: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0545c0847763140ccc62a58cf4207c6c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-4I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-15e38e9899a9e8bb47cfbf10a4f05075_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} -2&amp;2&amp;2\\\\[1.1ex] 1&amp;-2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;1&amp;-1\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}x \\\\[1.1ex] y \\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"229\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-004d61132ba8eeee123d8614432cbce2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -2x+2y+2z = 0 \\\\[2ex] x-2y = 0\\\\[2ex] y-z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} x=2y \\\\[2ex] y=z \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"97\" width=\"273\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5871bb6e88776aab87e0239540d43677_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}2 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Daher sind die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der Matrix A: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f1ea8e2eff0c179b9872da8f6fab2d4e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 1 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}2\\\\[1.1ex] -2 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"160\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-edc6fd09f9c6a12b26518a9103cc6610_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 2 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] -1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"160\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b492e98d771e76e77dc68d2fe2ea92c4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 4 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}2 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"85\" width=\"146\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dcbung 6<\/h3>\n<p> Finden Sie die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der folgenden 4\u00d74-Matrix: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5cb04190d6f536d33b22265317441144_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle A=\\begin{pmatrix}1&amp;0&amp;-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;-1&amp;-3&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] -2&amp;0&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"189\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-start otfm-sp__wrapper otfm-sp__box js-otfm-sp-box__closed otfm-sp__E3F2FD boto_ver_solucion\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-otfm-spc=\"#E3F2FD\" style=\"text-align:center\">\n<div class=\"otfm-sp__title\"> <strong>siehe L\u00f6sung<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir m\u00fcssen zun\u00e4chst die Determinante der Matrix minus \u03bb auf ihrer Hauptdiagonale l\u00f6sen, um die charakteristische Gleichung zu erhalten:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-35cae2dd143d77e22a522b49e8d43f3d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\text{det}(A-\\lambda I)= \\begin{vmatrix}1-\\lambda&amp;0&amp;-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;-1-\\lambda&amp;-3&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] -2&amp;0&amp;2-\\lambda&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;3-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"108\" width=\"352\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> In diesem Fall enth\u00e4lt die letzte Spalte der Determinante bis auf ein Element nur Nullen. Wir werden dies daher nutzen, um die Determinante anhand von Cofaktoren \u00fcber diese Spalte zu berechnen:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-456b0612b308c03fd1643a5ba0f332e5_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{aligned} \\begin{vmatrix}1-\\lambda&amp;0&amp;-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;-1-\\lambda&amp;-3&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] -2&amp;0&amp;2-\\lambda&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;3-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix}&amp; = (3-\\lambda)\\cdot  \\begin{vmatrix}1-\\lambda&amp;0&amp;-1\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;-1-\\lambda&amp;-3\\\\[1.1ex] -2&amp;0&amp;2-\\lambda\\end{vmatrix} \\\\[3ex] &amp; = (3-\\lambda)[-\\lambda^3 +2\\lambda^2 +3\\lambda] \\end{aligned}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"161\" width=\"505\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir m\u00fcssen nun die Wurzeln des charakteristischen Polynoms berechnen. Es ist besser, die Klammern nicht zu multiplizieren, da wir dann ein Polynom vierten Grades erhalten w\u00fcrden. Andererseits ist es einfacher, die Eigenwerte zu berechnen, wenn die beiden Faktoren getrennt gel\u00f6st werden: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ef6e59f8631cac087c988004aa512b62_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (3-\\lambda)[-\\lambda^3 +2\\lambda^2 +3\\lambda]=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} 3-\\lambda=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\lambda = 3 \\\\[2ex] -\\lambda^3 +2\\lambda^2 +3\\lambda =0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\lambda(-\\lambda^2 +2\\lambda +3) =0 \\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"65\" width=\"620\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-786b2892e7045f117498697407d35552_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda(-\\lambda^2 +2\\lambda +3)=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda=0  \\\\[2ex] -\\lambda^2 +2\\lambda +3=0 \\ \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{cases} \\lambda=-1 \\\\[2ex] \\lambda = 3 \\end{cases}\\end{cases}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"483\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 0: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e3b04137690f84b723e3ed568e1114a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-0I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f43f22947b29779ef456e4ac7a5d66a0_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 1&amp;0&amp;-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;-1&amp;-3&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] -2&amp;0&amp;2&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;3\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}w \\\\[1.1ex] x \\\\[1.1ex] y\\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"258\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c1d7e96203dceb7288f89ab932532351_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} w-y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 2w-x-3y = 0\\\\[2ex] -2w+2y=0 \\\\[2ex] 3z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} w=y \\\\[2ex] x=-w  \\\\[2ex]z=0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"129\" width=\"263\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3c4a8b3ef3502a2bf8efd6cc398b5ae6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] -1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1  \\\\[1.1ex]0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert -1: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cdddf8c6da3e8066da62f60da7e9c603_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A+1I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7fbbdceca419f15672da0dcb7c15078c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} 2&amp;0&amp;-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;0&amp;-3&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] -2&amp;0&amp;3&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;4\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}w \\\\[1.1ex] x \\\\[1.1ex] y\\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"244\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3ff9a5afa0cefa73985e7ba00c945dac_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} 2w-y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 2w-3y = 0\\\\[2ex] -2w+3y=0 \\\\[2ex] 4z=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} y=w=0  \\\\[2ex]z=0 \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"129\" width=\"263\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-daee73fdcebacce8a5e5f7104ed9c213_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0  \\\\[1.1ex]0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Wir berechnen den Eigenvektor zum Eigenwert 3: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-50e802072a0f6e2942bc873d6a466909_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle (A-3I)v=0\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"19\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6493c6019a8b9be3254db2ffeaa19703_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\begin{pmatrix} -2&amp;0&amp;-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 2&amp;-4&amp;-3&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] -2&amp;0&amp;-1&amp;0\\\\[1.1ex] 0&amp;0&amp;0&amp;0\\end{pmatrix}\\begin{pmatrix}w \\\\[1.1ex] x \\\\[1.1ex] y\\\\[1.1ex] z \\end{pmatrix} =\\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"258\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-fbcbd01420d80be317ecbec57010b662_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\left.\\begin{array}{l} -2w-y = 0 \\\\[2ex] 2w-4x-3y = 0\\\\[2ex] -2w-y=0 \\\\[2ex] 0=0 \\end{array}\\right\\} \\longrightarrow \\ \\begin{array}{l} y=-2w \\\\[2ex] x=2w  \\end{array}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"129\" width=\"280\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-3b70eeb51bea073f058763401adf5240_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 2 \\\\[1.1ex] -2  \\\\[1.1ex]0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"82\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Der Eigenwert 3 hat eine Multiplizit\u00e4t von 2, da er zweimal wiederholt wird. Wir m\u00fcssen daher einen anderen Eigenvektor finden, der die gleichen Gleichungen erf\u00fcllt:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-5dc5fd38503b7683d8a7e3df9da9ee8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0  \\\\[1.1ex]1 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"68\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"> Daher sind die Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren der Matrix A: <\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b8bd7188d1d3ed1abe178d9b5f5bbc0e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 0 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] -1 \\\\[1.1ex] 1  \\\\[1.1ex]0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"160\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-2ea128d2a6e5387bd538ac3d0119b2ce_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = -1 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 1 \\\\[1.1ex] 0  \\\\[1.1ex]0 \\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"160\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-22d83a8f13bdb44bf1c23f3c6b963d65_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 3 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}1 \\\\[1.1ex] 2 \\\\[1.1ex] -2  \\\\[1.1ex]0\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"160\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-65cd815fe71a1c6d8063f0f78e3422a9_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"\\displaystyle \\lambda = 3 \\qquad v = \\begin{pmatrix}0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0 \\\\[1.1ex] 0  \\\\[1.1ex]1\\end{pmatrix}\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"107\" width=\"146\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-otfm-box-spoiler-end otfm-sp_end\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Auf dieser Seite erkl\u00e4ren wir, was Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren sind, auch Eigenwerte bzw. Eigenvektoren genannt. Au\u00dferdem finden Sie Beispiele zur Berechnung sowie Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt gel\u00f6ste \u00dcbungsaufgaben zum \u00dcben. Was ist ein Eigenwert und ein Eigenvektor? Obwohl der Begriff Eigenwert und Eigenvektor schwer zu verstehen ist, lautet seine Definition wie folgt: Eigenvektoren oder Eigenvektoren sind &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/de\/berechnen-sie-eigenwerte-eigenwerte-und-eigenvektoren-eigenvektoren-einer-matrix\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Eigenwerte (oder eigenwerte) und eigenvektoren (oder eigenvektoren) einer matrix<\/span> Weiterlesen &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-determinante-einer-matrix"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Eigenwerte (oder Eigenwerte) und Eigenvektoren (oder Eigenvektoren) einer Matrix -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/de\/berechnen-sie-eigenwerte-eigenwerte-und-eigenvektoren-eigenvektoren-einer-matrix\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Eigenwerte (oder Eigenwerte) und Eigenvektoren (oder Eigenvektoren) einer Matrix -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Auf dieser Seite erkl\u00e4ren wir, was Eigenwerte und Eigenvektoren sind, auch Eigenwerte bzw. 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Obwohl der Begriff Eigenwert und Eigenvektor schwer zu verstehen ist, lautet seine Definition wie folgt: Eigenvektoren oder Eigenvektoren sind &hellip; Eigenwerte (oder eigenwerte) und eigenvektoren (oder eigenvektoren) einer matrix Weiterlesen &raquo;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/de\/berechnen-sie-eigenwerte-eigenwerte-und-eigenvektoren-eigenvektoren-einer-matrix\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-06T06:35:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/mathority.org\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-710a5e2df8739c35c060f790f5592734_l3.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mathority Mannschaft\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Verfasst von\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mathority Mannschaft\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Gesch\u00e4tzte Lesezeit\" \/>\n\t<meta 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